Erythropoetic-stimulating agents: where do we stand?

Erythropoetic-stimulating agents: where do we stand?

At present three erythropoietic-stimulating agents (ESAs) are available, these being epoietin alpha, epoietin beta and darbepoietin. In oncology the marketing licence given in the early 1990s was and still is for reduction of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in chemotherapy-induced anaemia (CIA) in non-haematological neoplasia. Regulatory bodies as well as various scientific societies have issu...

Clinical Pharmacy in Iran: Where Do We Stand?

Since late 1960s, pharmacists in the USA and England have started a professional movement towards a more efficient presence in clinical wards of hospitals. A similar movement has started in developed European countries during the past decade. Pharmacists are convinced of the need for them to play their role as drug consultants and pharmacotherapy advisers to make decisions on drug therapy probl...

Clinical Pharmacy in Iran: Where Do We Stand?

Since late 1960s, pharmacists in the USA and England have started a professional movement towards a more efficient presence in clinical wards of hospitals. A similar movement has started in developed European countries during the past decade. Pharmacists are convinced of the need for them to play their role as drug consultants and pharmacotherapy advisers to make decisions on drug therapy probl...

Adhesive small bowel obstruction: where do we stand now?

Adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) is one of the most frequently encountered disorders in Emergency Surgery Departments worldwide without negligible hospital admission rates and social costs (1,2). Notwithstanding significant improvements in techniques and materials, intra-abdominal adhesions following abdominal surgery still represent a major unsolved and debated issue harbouring challeng...

The Battle Against COVID-19: Where Do We Stand Now?